Treatment of sicknesses with the medical wireless sensors

Added: 10/03/2005

Optoelectronics is a very young science, but it has a lot of researches. Its achievements are useful for many people and scientists. Optoelectronics examines the questions related to the optic fiber and ultrasonic sensors. The sensors are used not only in technical spheres, but they are very health-giving in the medicine. They are often applied to measure blood condition in a man.

Optoelectronics is a quite new field of science and technics, which appeared at the turn of optics and electronics. The most important moment of optoelectronics is the creation of optic fibers. The optical has two types: single-mode (the type of distribution of a transmitted electromagnetic field) and multimode - with the transmission of several modes. These types of fibers vary only by the diameter of the core. These types are used in the medicine. The optic fiber medical wireless sensors can take pressure and temperature and influence microstrains.

Using them can measure the next amounts:

- direct type: temperature (on the basis of change measure in the regular luminescence in the multimode fibers in the range of 0 to 700 C with the accuracy of ±0,04° Ñ);

- catoptrical type: concentration of oxygen in the blood (the change of the spectral characteristics is happened, the intensity of reflected light is detected, optic fiber - fascicular with the account through the catheter).

If it is used as a sensitive element, then the next one is possible:

- interferometer of Michelson allows to take pulse and the speed of bloodstream. Applying Doppler's effect we can detect the frequency of a beat. The single mode and multimode are used with the range of 10-4...108 m/c.

The ultrasonic ones are applied to measure flow in many medical-biological and industrial applications. Their main construction is piezoelectric emitter of short sending of acoustic (elastic) waves. Their work is based on one of two physical principles. In the first type of medical wireless sensors, the fact that the speed of sound equals the speed of this surroundings plus the speed of movement of the environment is used. In the second one, the frequency of ultrasonic wave is measured as the result of the dispersion of movement surroundings.

The electro acoustic transformer from the piezoelectric materials is used in the ultrasonic meters of flow. The best material for it is the material, which provides with the lower level of sounds, high efficiency of transforming and allows inventing the transformer with good quality. Zirconate (titanate) of lead is used in this one.

The medical wireless sensors of flow, working on the principal of time measure of the signal passage is one of the simplest ultrasonic meters of flow. They are widely used in the industry and for the respiratory changes and the measuring of blood flow.

The advantages of these medical wireless sensors are concluded in the next one:

- it is possible to measure flows of different liquids and gases. So, particles aren't needed, reflecting the ultrasonic

- they allow to define the direction of flow

- their indications are comparatively insensitive to the changes of viscosity, temperature and density of fluid

- accuracy of measurements

The ultrasonic meters were experienced as peak flow meters for measure of the momentary value of the inhaled and expired gas.

The ultrasonic peak flow meters have the following advantages:

1) high speed;

2) wide dynamic range;

3) lack of the moving parts;

4) neglibly short influence on the flow;

5) natural bidirectionality;

6) easiness of clearance and sterilization.

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